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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Orthopaedics

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Magnetic resonance imaging  produces cross-sectional images of any body part in any plane . It yields  superb soft-tissue contrast , allowing different soft tissues to be clearly distinguished, e.g. ligaments, tendons, muscle and hyaline cartilage. Another big advantage of MRI is that  it does not use  ionising  radiation. MRI Physics   The patient’s body is placed in a strong magnetic field (between 5 and 30,000 times the strength of the earth’s magnetic field). ⬇ The body’s protons have a positive charge and align themselves along this strong external magnetic field. ⬇ The protons are spinning and can be further excited by radio frequency pulses, rather like whipping a spinning top. ⬇ These spinning positive charges will not only induce a small magnetic field of their own, but will produce a signal as they relax (slow down) at different rates. ⬇ A proton density map is recorded from these signal...
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SOMI Brace

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Sternal-Occipital-Mandibular Immobiliser  (SOMI) Brace  Cervico-Thoracic Orthoses (CTOs) provide greater motion restriction from C5-C7 spine from the increased leverage on the person’s body. The upper cervical spine has less motion restriction. CTOs are used in minimally unstable fractures . All CTO’s tend to control flexion better than extension . Parts 1. The SOMI is a rigid, 3-poster CTO that has an padded anterior chest plate extending to the xiphoid process, as well as two padded shoulder extension which hook over tops of the shoulder. 2. From these shoulder extension two Straps which cross in the interscapular region, pass downward and around the chest wall to attach to the lower part of the chest plate. 3. There are three adjustable uprights , which pass upward from the chest plate, two to the padded occipital support and one to the mandibular support. 4. A removable chin piece attaches...
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Skeletal Traction: Common sites

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1. Olecranon Site: 1.25 inches (3 cm) distal to the tip of olecranon just deep to the subcutaneous border of upper end of the ulna. Direction:  Medial to lateral at right angles to the longitudinal axis of ulna. Avoid: Ulnar nerve injury. 2. Second & Third Metacarpals Site:  About 1 inch (2-2.5 cm) Proximal to the distal end of Second metacarpal Direction:  The wire traverses 2nd and 3rd metacarpals transversely at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the radius. 3. Greater trochanter (upper end of femur ) Site: ...
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Pavlik Harness

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Pavlik harness is a dynamic flexion abduction orthosis used to treat DDH ( Reduction & Maintenance ) in infants up to 6 months of age. Developed by Dr. Arnold Pavlik (C zechoslovakian Orthopaedic Surgeon) in 1944. Spontaneous reduction of dislocated hip is promoted by positioning the hip in flexion while allowing free abduction. (i.e Prevents hip Adduction and Extension ) Parts of Pavlik Harness An adjustable band encircling the lower chest ( Halter - Chest Strap ). To this band are attached pair of shoulder straps which cross posteriorly and  A pair of stirrups which embrace the legs down to the heels.  The stirrups are suspended from the encircling chest band by two adjustable straps - one passing anterior to and the other posterior to the lower limb. Indications:   Infants with DDH & who are younger than six months . Contra-Indications:  Infants with a " hip-click " but a normal physical exa...
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