The Young Orthopod

My patient Mr. X son of Mr. Y, 40 years old male, farmer by occupation, resident of Z, presented with the Chief Complaints of Pain in the lower back for 1 year Weakness of both lower limb for 1 year Loss of sensation in the right lower limb below groin for 6 months Difficulty in/ loss of control over passing urine & stools for 2 months Deformity of lower back for 2 months HOPI   (History of Presenting illness) - As stated by the patient/parents He was apparently asymptomatic 1 year back when he developed PAIN over lower back which was insidious in onset, gradually progressive, continuous/intermittent, mild to moderate in intensity, pricking/stabbing/shock type in nature, non-radiating, aggravated by weight bearing/activity/ coughing and sneezing , relieved by taking rest and oral medications. No diurnal or seasonal variation. Patient developed WEAKNESS   of the both lower limbs one year ba

The Young Orthopod Revision Quiz #1 We bring you our first Revision Quiz! All the question have been posted previously on the Facebook page @TheYoungOrthopod. Like and follow us at Facebook for the Daily MCQ Challenge! Which of the following is not a major criteria for the diagnosis of fat embolism? Axillary or sub-conjunctival petechiae Hypoxemia Retinal Emboli CNS depression Which of the following is a low grade chondrosarcoma? Secondary chondrosarcoma Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma Clear cell chondrosarcoma Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma Filum terminale internum ends at which spinal level? L1 S2 S5 Coccyx Holdsworth classification of thoracolumbar spine fracture is based on how many columns of spine? Two Three Four Five Idiopathic scoliosis is most commonly? Dextroscoliosis of thoracic spine Levoscoliosis of thoracic spine Dextroscoliosis of lumbar spine Levoscoliosis of lumbar spine Tibial collateral ligament is formed by? Adductor magn

Kienbock's disease is Osteonecrosis Of The Lunate . By a mechanism that still is not entirely understood, the blood flow to the lunate bone of the wrist is compromised to such an extent that osteonecrosis ensues and collapse and fragmentation of the  bone occurs over time . The end result can be degenerative arthritis of the radio-carpal joint and pain .  Pathogenesis Various predisposing factors exist. About 75% of patients have a shorter ulna compared to the radius, as  measured at the wrist ( Ulnar Negative Variance ). The slope of the distal radius articular surface is found   to be more horizontal . Approximately 25% of lunate are thought to have a single vessel blood supply. Repetitive micro-fracture of the bone or a single fracture have been suggested as the cause of  osteonecrosis of the lunate. Incidence More common in Males that females. It occurs more frequently between the ages of 15 and 40 years and in the dominant wrist

This video describes the basics of osteotomy that are essential for deciding the management of various deformities in the clinics and also important as a student's point of view for exams and to understand the concept behind various osteotomies. References - Principles of deformity correction: Dror Paley.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)  or  Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)  is a type of arthritis that causes joint inflammation and stiffness for more than six weeks in a child aged 16 or younger. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis differs significantly from the adult form. The diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis usually is made by exclusion .  Diagnostic Criteria For Classification Of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Age of onset younger than 16 years Arthritis in one or more joints defined as swelling or effusion or by the presence of two or more  of the following signs— limitation of motion, tenderness or pain on motion, and increased heat. Duration of disease 6 weeks to 3 months Exclusion of other rheumatic diseases Rheumatoid factor is positive in less than 25% of patients. → After patients pass the age of 8 years , laboratory tests show an increasingly higher percentage of positi